How to Write the Nuclear Symbol of an Element

How to Write the Nuclear Symbol of an Element This worked problem demonstrates how to write nuclear symbols for isotopes of a given element. The nuclear symbol of an isotope indicates the number of protons and neutrons in an atom of the element. It does not indicate the number of electrons. The number of neutrons is not stated. Instead, you have to figure it out based on the number of protons or atomic number. Nuclear Symbol Example: Oxygen Write the nuclear symbols for three isotopes of oxygen in which there are 8, 9, and 10  neutrons, respectively. Solution Use a periodic table to look up the atomic number of oxygen. The atomic number indicates how many protons are in an element. The nuclear symbol indicates the composition of the nucleus. The atomic number ( the  number of protons) is a subscript at the lower left of the symbol of the element. The mass number (the sum of protons and neutrons) is a superscript at the upper left of the element symbol. For example, the nuclear symbols of the element hydrogen are: 11H, 21H, 31H Pretend that the superscripts and subscripts line up on top of each other: They should do it this way in your homework problems, even though its not printed that way in this example.  Since its redundant to specify the number of protons in an element if you know its identity, its also correct to write: 1H, 2H, 3H Answer The element symbol for oxygen is O and its atomic number is 8. The mass numbers for oxygen must be 8 8 16; 8 9 17; 8 10 18. The nuclear symbols are written this way (again, pretend the superscript and subscript are sitting right on top of each other beside the element symbol):168O, 178O, 188O Or, you could write: 16O, 17O, 18O Nuclear Symbol Shorthand While its common to write nuclear symbols with the atomic mass- the sum of the number of protons and neutrons- as a superscript and atomic number (the number of protons) as a subscript, theres an easier way to indicate nuclear symbols. Instead, write the element name or symbol, followed by the number of protons plus neutrons. For example, helium-3 or He-3 is the same as writing 3He or 31He, the most common isotope of helium, which has two protons and one neutron. Example nuclear symbols for oxygen  would be oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18, which have 8, 9, and 10 neutrons, respectively. Uranium Notation   Uranium is an element often described using this shorthand notation. Uranium-235 and uranium-238 are isotopes of uranium. Each uranium atom has 92 atoms (which you can verify using a periodic table), so these isotopes contain 143 and 146 neutrons, respectively. Over 99 percent of natural uranium is the isotope uranium-238, so you can see that the most common isotope isnt always one with equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

How to Make Underwater Fireworks for Kids

How to Make Underwater Fireworks for Kids Fireworks are a beautiful and fun part of many celebrations, but not something you want kids to make themselves. However, even very young explorers can experiment with these safe underwater fireworks. What You Need WaterOilFood coloringTall clear glassAnother cup or glassFork Create Fireworks in a Glass Fill the tall glass almost to the top with room-temperature water. Warm water is ok, too.Pour a little oil into the other glass. (1-2 tablespoons)Add a couple of drops of food coloring. I used one drop of blue and one drop of red, but you can use any colors.Briefly stir the oil and food coloring mixture with a fork. You want to break up the food coloring drops into smaller drops, but not thoroughly mix the liquid.Pour the oil and coloring mixture into the tall glass.Now watch! The food coloring will slowly sink in the glass, with each droplet expanding outward as it falls, resembling fireworks falling into the water. How It Works Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil. When you stir the food coloring in the oil, you are breaking up the coloring droplets (though drops that come into contact with each other will merge... blue red purple). Oil is less dense than water, so the oil will float at the top of the glass. As the colored drops sink to the bottom of the oil, they mix with the water. The color diffuses outward as the heavier colored drop falls to the bottom.

How to Make Underwater Fireworks for Kids

How to Make Underwater Fireworks for Kids Fireworks are a beautiful and fun part of many celebrations, but not something you want kids to make themselves. However, even very young explorers can experiment with these safe underwater fireworks. What You Need WaterOilFood coloringTall clear glassAnother cup or glassFork Create Fireworks in a Glass Fill the tall glass almost to the top with room-temperature water. Warm water is ok, too.Pour a little oil into the other glass. (1-2 tablespoons)Add a couple of drops of food coloring. I used one drop of blue and one drop of red, but you can use any colors.Briefly stir the oil and food coloring mixture with a fork. You want to break up the food coloring drops into smaller drops, but not thoroughly mix the liquid.Pour the oil and coloring mixture into the tall glass.Now watch! The food coloring will slowly sink in the glass, with each droplet expanding outward as it falls, resembling fireworks falling into the water. How It Works Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil. When you stir the food coloring in the oil, you are breaking up the coloring droplets (though drops that come into contact with each other will merge... blue red purple). Oil is less dense than water, so the oil will float at the top of the glass. As the colored drops sink to the bottom of the oil, they mix with the water. The color diffuses outward as the heavier colored drop falls to the bottom.

International politics- alignments and alliances Research Paper

International politics- alignments and alliances - Research Paper Example The president despite making the emancipation proclamation fears that certain forces who did not want to see the end of slave trade may inculcate it back to the society. In this regard, the president makes an effort to ensure that the amendment is passed within the end of the month so that slaves who had been freed are taken back to captivity. It is clear that the political class has their own issues and fighting slave trade is not such a bid deal to them; this is more evident from politicians who had just lost their seats. Other political intrigues were evident. Politicians are willing to take advantage of the fight against slavery for their own personal gain. For example President Lincoln seeks the help of Preston Blair who had influence over Republicans. In return, for his support, Blair expected the president to give a political favor. The favor meant more problems because it would upset another faction. The president was however forced to comply with those demands. 12 years a slave shows the predicament of African Americans through the story of Northup and his family. It is clear that slavery was propagated because of the economic gains they made to the masters. Northup ends up in the hand s of Freeman who eventually sells him to Ford who later sold him to Epps. Epps was a sadist who treated slaves with contempt because, like many other masters he believed that they have no dignity and deserve to be treated as such. Through the life of Northup it is clear that slaves were used for economic purposes. Those who worked as slaves were required to work hard because as such they fetched their masters more money. This explains why Northup was able to work for many masters. There is an instance when Ford engaged Northup and told him that he had, â€Å"a debt to pay† and as such would not consider Northup as a free man. To Ford and other like him slaves were purposely for economic gain to the masters. Slaves such as Northup

The TED Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The TED Assignment - Research Paper Example In this essay I will discuss a few of the videos and how they believe one should lead their lives. The first video I saw was by Amy Purdy who lost her legs due to bacterial meningitis. At that time, she was devastated and wondered how she was going to fulfil her dream of traveling the world and of snowboarding. But then she realized that she had an option to take her life in the direction she wanted to take. So she accepted the fact that she doesn’t have real legs anymore and will have to bear with the artificial ones. She imagined herself to keep walking, helping people and snowboarding again. And this is the life she chose. She became creative about the artificial legs and customized them according to her needs. She failed, slipped, fell many times, but she would not let go of hope that easily. This was when she understood one of the most important life’s lessons: Obstacles do only two things to you-make you stop or force you to be creative. (Purdy, 2011) Her story tells you that one has two options when faced by a real tragedy: you can whine, be depressed, let go of hope and life or look right into the eyes of the world and follow your dreams irrespective of how many obstacles lay in front of you. These obstacles might stop you from doing something the way normally people do, but they also help you to imagine and discover new ways of following your dreams, living life to the fullest and being happy. Another speaker at Ted, Shawn Achor, a researcher and teacher of positive psychology talks about the formula of happiness. He argues that we always talk about what average people think, believe and do. We research on people and we generalize them as average people. He believes that â€Å"if we study what is merely average, we will remain average†. Furthermore he talks about the general perception of life and happiness. He argues that our happiness is mostly characterized by

Paper -Econ Essay Example for Free

Paper -Econ Essay Given below is the information for the IT project we discussed in our Week 5 commentary and its network diagram. In the Week 5 commentary, we crashed the project by three days, i. e. , from 20 to 17 days by crashing Activity C for two days and Activity F by a day. A fully crashed schedule means a project that has been crashed until the cost of crashing exceeds the marginal gain associated with eliminating overhead cost (which is $100,000 per day for this project). oContinue crashing the project until the cost of crashing exceeds the marginal gain associated with eliminating overhead cost (0,000 per day). oAssume you have begun the project under the fully crashed schedule and you are now at the end of Day 6. Tasks A and C are finished, but Task B will require two more days of work. What corrective crashing decisions might you make to increase the likelihood that you can complete the schedule within the remaining 14 days? Are there any tasks you might consider uncrashing? What other actions could you consider? Submission: You must submit your answers to this exercise in the form of a single word document. You may cut and paste your excel work on this word document. Name your file as: LastName_FirstName_CrashingProjectExercise. docx

Physics of a Fire :: physics fire

Fire is a chemical reaction whcih needs three things to be present so it can happen: Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat. If one of these is not present, the fire cannot start. If one of these is taken from a fire it will go out. But how does this all work? Oxygen We all breathe Oxygen (OÂ ²) everyday - in fact, without it we would suffocate. But did you know that fire breathes Oxygen too? And, like us, without Oxygen a fire will also suffocate. When Oxygen in the air combines with flammable vapours given off by Fuels - heat is produced and then ignition can occur. Without enough Oxygen, ignition cannot happen. In the opposite way, if there is too much Oxygen then the vapours won't be concentrated enough to ignite. The ratio of vapour to Oxygen is known as the 'explosive' or 'flammable' limit and is different for each gas or vapour. Heat Combustion occurs when flammable vapours mix with air (Oxygen) and are ignited by a spark or flame. Solids give off flammable vapours by being heated. Certain solids such as paper or flour appear to ignite almost instantly. This is because they give off vapours and reach a flammable temperature almost immediately. In fact, fine dusts dispersed in the air can explode because they give off vapours and ignite so quickly it appear to happen instantly. Other solids like timber take longer to ignite because they are more dense and so don't give off flammable vapours so easily. Fuel So, in our fire triangle we've got Oxygen and Heat, but we also need something that will burn - this is our Fuel. Fuels can take almost any form: Solids like wood, fabric, rubber and plastic. Liquids such as petrol, oil, cooking oil or even nail varnish remover. Gases like propane, butane and 'natural' gas. If a fire broke out in your home today, would you automatically know which fire extinguisher to use? What would happen if you used a Class A fire extinguisher on a fire in the electrical service panel in your basement? Answer: you'd possibly be electrocuted if the extinguishing agent is a liquid! A long time ago, the fire protection industry recognized the need to classify extinguishers according to the many kinds of burning materials encountered in a fire. For example, Class A, water-type fire extinguishers cannot be used on the electrical fires because the extinguisher operator could be seriously injured by the conduction of electricity by the stream of water from their extinguisher.

Reel Injin vs. Doctor Lawyer Indian Chief

Coastlands of films have somehow, directly or indirectly, touched on the subject of native issues. The Reel Injury and Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief are Just a couple of examples. After comparing the two films, I believe that the Reel Injury is the better- suited movie to be studied by my grade 9 class. This is true since the film is more interesting to the age group, the timeline is broader, and it addresses native issues in greater detail. The film, the Reel Injury is more interesting for a class of grade g's than Doctor,Lawyer, Indian Chief. The film Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief is much harder for the students to relate to. Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief was made in 1986 and while the Reel Injury was made recently, in 2009. When students are viewing this film it could be distracting and feel dated since the film was made over 25 years ago. Since 1986, there have been drastic improvements in the way films are being shot and the picture quality. Everything that the grade 9 class has be en viewing in modern media has been in the same format as the Reel Injury and has also contains the same fashions and appearances.Since the Reel Injury was filmed within the last 5 years, students can connect more with the language, art form and media quality. The Reel Injury contains more action, which students will find more interesting. The Reel Injury contains movie clips from over the past century whereas Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief is strictly interviews. As a result of the Reel Injury incorporating movie clips, it adds extra action. The higher level of action will keep the students intrigued and they will pay more attention to the information. The format for Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief is ere dull as it only contains non-fiction clips taken by the Director.The timeline in which the Reel Injury contains is superior to Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief. The Reel Injury shows the progression over time. â€Å"Cree filmmaker Neil Diamond takes an entertaining and insightful look at the Hollywood Indian, exploring the portrayal of North American Natives through a century of cinema. † (Aquatint). The Reel Injury in traveling through a century of cinema whereas Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief is only focusing on the year of 1986. This is less effective in showing the regression of how things are improving.As a result of the improvements being noted, students will be more inspired, and can have hope towards solving the issues completely one day. Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief only focuses on the year in which the film was made. A quote from the description of the film states that â€Å"Each of these women talks about how she got to where she is today†¦ † (Geodes). However where she is â€Å"today' was in the year of 1986, when the documentary was produced. As a result of the film being produced so long ago the stories are now irrelevant as the runner state of native women in the workplace has drastically changed.When the film the Reel Injury displays the information with a timeline, starting a century ago, it is event how far we have come and also how far we need to go. This provides an idea of hope, but also shows that there is still a problem for natives today. The Reel Injury deals with native issues to a greater extent than the film Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief. Doctor. Lawyer, Indian Chief focuses only on the positive side of things. Comparatively, the Reel Injury exposes what is wrong with the way native people are portrayed. A tribute to Native women everywhere, this short documentary focuses on 5 Native women from across Canada†¦ They have achieved success in a variety of careers†¦ † (Geodes) is a quote from the National Film Board when describing the film. The film is not a documentary to expose native issues but a tribute to native women who have successful careers. This is not effective for a class of grade 9 students, as they will not think there are any issues. Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief will not inspire anyone to make a change towards the native obstacles we are errantly facing.Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief takes a more positive approach as it only talks about successes with native women in the work place. The Reel Injury however exposes problems within the film industry. This will inspire people to look into more issues relating to natives. When the students start thinking about their own stereotypes towards natives that are exhibited in the movie, they will become more aware of what is wrong with societies view. This will inspire the students to further their own research on native issues. From this it could grow to help change al of the obstacles natives are facing today.Showing a movie, which incorporates the stereotypes natives are dealing with, can make students change their own views on natives. â€Å"Traveling through the heartland of America, and into the Canadian North, Diamond looks at how the myth of â€Å"the Injury† has influenced the world's understand ing – and misunderstanding – of Natives. † (Bantering). This is a direct quote from the National Film Board website and outlines what the movie addresses. While this â€Å"myth† is being exposed in the movie, it could change the views of the dents in the class.The ultimate goal of the moviegoers was to try an expose the myth of the Injury directly within the film industry but also within all of society. I believe the film met this goal and therefore would help in changing the stereotypes of natives that the students believe. In conclusion, the Reel Injury is the better-suited movie, in comparison to the Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief, to be studied by my grade 9 class. The Reel Injury is more interesting to the age group, it has a superior timeline, and it addresses native issues ore effectively.

Toilet Training Assignment Nvq3

Toilet training and children Toilet training is a major developmental step, both physically and emotionally for toddlers and so needs to be handled very carefully. Whilst most parents look forward to the day when their child no longer needs nappies, very few happily anticipate the process of potty training. With perseverance, they will get past this hurdle. Each child will display a unique ability to be toilet trained when the time is right for them and no one else.Although there are ways for you to monitor this readiness, it would be unwise to proceed with the training before you see the signs. Physically a child must be able to hold in their urine for several hours, though this will only occur when his/her bladder muscles have developed enough. Mentally the child must also be able to recognise the signs that they are in need to use the toilet. Not only will they need to recognise the physical signs that they need to use the toilet but they will need to recognise them before they ur inate or defecate.Some signs that a child may be ready to train are * If their nappies remain dry for several hours at a time * If the child tells you they need to use the toilet * If the child shows their frustration in nappies * If the child shows an interest in other children who have been toilet trained Once the child is physically and mentally ready to train, as well as showing no fear or dislike for it, it may be time to start. There is no one standard way to toilet train a child but most families find whatever way they feel comfortable with and has worked for their families in the past.Some of the things families choose to do are * Take a trip to the shops and buy a special potty with their child * Allow the child to play with the potty * Explain the use of the toilet using books and videos * Bribing works! Rewards systems and treats * Talk about being a â€Å"big kid† most children love the idea of being grown up * If you are ok with it, let your child see you using t he toilet * Train boys to sit before they stand It is extremely important to make every effort to keep training positive.Each time they have dry pants use lots of praise and express your delight. Even if they ask to go to the toilet but do not use it, praise them and tell them â€Å"it’s ok you can try again†. Expect some accidents and always remain calm, never tease or punish a child for a mistake. Be consistent, make sure you have set aside enough time to complete the process and dedicate your full attention to it. Most children can be free from nappies in just a few days. Preparation is key make sure you have enough time, clothes and underwear!Whilst some children will take to potty training really quickly some may not. If this is the case back off for a few days, sometimes this will then encourage the child to ask to use the toilet. Don’t force the issue, some children can become more resistant the more you push. If your child is like this then give them som e space. Make it as fun as you can, sing songs, read books involve their favourite toys, this will help them and you relax and make things a bit easier. Once your child has mastered the day time training, start on the night time.Make sure you have a calm night time routine, research shows that excited children produce more urine. Limit drinking for about an hour before bed and encourage them to use the toilet before settling down for the night. Investing in a waterproof mattress cover is a good idea as accidents are bound to happen and it will make bed changes much easier. Remember most of all to relax! Don’t get stressed if your child is not progressing a quickly as other children, every child will do it when the time is right for them and you.

Background of the Problem Essays

Background of the Problem Essays Background of the Problem Paper Background of the Problem Paper From the very beginnings of antibiotic therapy, scientists have feared that its widespread use can lead to the development of resistant bacterial strains, able to mutate into forms that can sidestep antibiotics. In 1945, as the discovery of penicillin was hailed as a magic bullet that was the answer to so many infections and health problems that beset mankind. However, it is important to note that the discoverer of this first antibiotic himself, Alexander Fleming was aware of the potential dangers of the use of antibiotic, and warned that the abuse and misuse of this wonder drug could foster resistance to it (Sheff, 2001, p.42). In 1941, almost every strain of Staphylococcus aureus was treatable with penicillin. However, by 1950, 60 percent of hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection was resistant to said drug. Indeed, Flemings prediction has been alarmingly prophetic (Sheff, 2001). According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2 million people annually develop an infection from receiving healthcare in the US.   (Houghton 2006) The CDC also indicates that between 90,000 to 100,000 patients die each year from healthcare-associated infection (HAI). This is an extensive problem that affects healthcare worldwide (Houghton, 2006). Problem Statement HAIs exact a high price in terms of human suffering and morality. Moreover, HAIs exert a huge financial burden on healthcare institutions. In a 2004 study that focused on hospitals in Pennsylvania, 12,000 patients were found to develop HAIs during their hospital stay (Houghton, 2006). This translates to $2 billion in additional healthcare costs and at least 1500 preventable deaths (Houghton, 2006). CDC (2006) defined HAIs as â€Å"infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment.†Ã‚   HAIs are unnecessary tragedies because they are highly preventable. In response, the Department of Health released guidelines to prevent HAIs which hospitals were required to adopt (Houghton, 2006). However, the guidelines did not provide precise directives as to how healthcare providers can evaluate their ability to comply with the guidelines or assess the efficacy of their procedures (Carling, Briggs, Hylander, Perkins, 2006). To this end, this research seeks to identify the prevalence of MRSA and VRE bacterial strains in HAIs at the Assir Central Hospital and Khamis Mushait Hospital, and identify how these MSRA and VRE strains are resistant to vancomycin.   Results will then be related to how Assir Central Hospital and Khamis Mushait Hospital evaluated their guidelines and how effective they have been in combating MRSA and VRE in HAIs through vancomycin. Research Hypothesis and Questions The evaluation methods of Assir Central Hospital and Khamis Mushait Hospital have a significant relationship to the effectiveness of combating MRSA and VRE in HAIs. The independent variable is the evaluation methods that Assir Central Hospital and Khamis Mushait Hospital use as far as combating MRSA and VRE in HAIs through vancomycin. The dependent variable is the effectiveness of the said hospitals in terms of successfully combating MRSA and VRE in HAIs. Intervening variables that could affect the outcome of the research are the health practitioner’s level of awareness and education in so far as MRSA and VRE in HAIs are concerned Research question: How cleaning and disinfecting practices affect the problem of HÐ µalth-associatÐ µd infection? Significance of the Study Infections are serious problems because the infection can become systemic and lethal as the microorganisms involved develop resistance to antibiotics (Broadhead, Parra, Skelton, 2001). Moreover, there is no simple answer to address the dangers of antibiotic-resistant organisms and their spread. Roughly 10 to 20 percent of all healthy individuals carry Staphylococcus aureus in their anterior nares at any given time, which indicates the prevalence of this pathogen in the environment (Zaoutis, Dawid, Kim, 2002, p. 313). Exacerbating the problem is the fact that other microorganisms continue to develop resistance to antibiotics and therefore pose a similar threat to public health (Wiseman, 2006).

Narcoterrorism - Definition and Examples

Narcoterrorism s Definition: The term â€Å"narcoterrorism† is often attributed to Peru’s president Belaunde Terry in 1983, to describe attacks by cocaine traffickers against the police, who suspected that the Maoist rebel group, Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) , had found common ground with cocaine traffickers. It has been used to mean violence waged by drug producers to extract political concessions from the government. The most famous example of this was the battle waged in the 1980s by Pablo Escobar, head of the Medellin drug cartel, against the Colombian government by way of assassinations, hijackings and bombings. Escobar wanted Colombia to revise its extradition treaty, which it eventually did. Narcoterrorism has also been used to refer to groups understood to have political intentions that engage in or support drug trafficking to fund their activities. Groups such as the Colombian FARC and the Taliban in Afghanistan, among others, fall into this category. On paper, references to narcoterrorism of this sort suggest that trafficking merely funds a distinct political agenda. In fact, the drug trafficking and armed violence by group members can become an autonomous activity to which politics is secondary. In this case, the only distinction between narcoterrorists and criminal gangs is the label.

Analysis of Vast Fire Erupts Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Vast Fire Erupts - Article Example The emergency resources used in this accident were the HAZMAT, law enforcement and fire and emergency medical services (EMS). This implies that the US government has instituted regulations regarding the transportation of oil resources across the country. As a result, the transporters ought to follow the guidelines to avoid the occurrence of similar accidents in the future. This is after the prevalence of train accidents in Canada and North America, in which 100-car train overturned, killing people (Kohl, 2015). The other resource in place for the accident was the EMS that was introduced to help the injured victims recuperate. These comprised of ambulances and health practitioners who set up emergency facilities to attend to the victims that had minor injuries. There were also local resources from the nearby towns that caught fire from the eruption. The local resources comprised of the first aiders and residents who came to assist in the management of the fire. The intangible factors that affected disaster response when the fire erupted included coordination with other entities, the scope of operations and time. The coordination between the profit and governmental agencies was slow because the incident took place at a random speed. This forced the coordinators to undertake hasty decisions in order to stop the spread of fire to other distant places. It is also apparent that the scope of operations was not easy to manage since the fire spread to the nearby towns (Kohl, 2015). Considering this, it was difficult to accommodate the fire since the casualty was all over the region. The firefighters and the first aiders could not come up with a timely response team with management the fire erupted. Time was also another intangible factor that affected disaster response since the fire spread at a high speed to the neighborhoods, injuring numerous residents.